The building blocks of life including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates are examples of biomaterials that possess the unique properties determined by their size, shape folding and pattern at the nanoscale.
The capacity to re-engineer these biomaterials through nanotechnology has lead to advances in the replacement of faulty genes to cure inherited diseases and cancers. This is called gene therapy. Being able to observe how cells function at the nanoscale has lead to the identification of better drugs and better means of delivering these drugs so they function more effectively.
Nanotechnology is improving the capability of bio-chips, devices that when implanted in the body, could offer ways of treating life-threatening conditions, including cancer and heart disease. These devices can also be used to deliver drugs or even new cells to repair damages tissue, while others could detect mutated genes or high hormone levels indicating the potential for malignancy.
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