Carbon nanotechnology deals with carbon-based materials exhibiting unique properties driven by the many different bonding configurations available to the element carbon.
For example, diamond exhibits properties of extreme hardness, atomic density, thermal conductivity, and optical transparency ranging from the far infrared to the near ultraviolet.
Ultranonaocrystalline diamond films exhibit unique electronic, mechanical, tribological, and optical properties induced by the extremely small size of the grains (2-5 nm) and grain boundaries (0.3-0.4 nm).
The surfaces of carbon-based nanostructures exhibit unusual chemical properties, from the negative electron affinity of hydrogen-terminated diamond to the chemical stability of diamonds, fullerenes, and nanotubes.
This morphological flexibility makes carbon-based materials inherently multifunctional and compatible with both inorganic and biological systems.
Recent advances of carbon nanotechnology in fabrication techniques have opened the possibility for the creation of nanoscale devices that capitalize on the many intrinsic strengths of carbon-based materials. The focus is to drive these materials into a regime where they can naturally interface with both electronic and biological systems.
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